Rimexolone

DESCRIPTION

VEXOL® 1% Ophthalmic Suspension is a sterile, multi-dose topical ophthalmic suspension containing the corticosteroid, rimexolone. Rimexolone is a white, water-insoluble powder with an empirical formula of C₂₄H₃₄O₃ and a molecular weight of 370.53. Its chemical name is 11b-Hydroxy-16a, 17a-dimethyl-17-propionylandrosta-1,4-diene-3-one.

Each mL Contains:

Active Ingredient: rimexolone 10 mg (1%).

Preservative: benzalkonium chloride 0.01%.

Inactive Ingredients: mannitol, carbomer 934P, polysorbate 80, sodium chloride, edetate disodium, sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid (to adjust pH) and purified water.

The pH of the suspension is 6.0 to 8.0 and the tonicity is 260 to 320 mOsmol/kg.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory response to a variety of inciting agents of a mechanical, chemical, or immunological nature. They inhibit edema, cellular infiltration, capillary dilatation, fibroblastic proliferation, deposition of collagen and scar formation associated with inflammation.

Placebo-controlled clinical studies demonstrated that VEXOL® 1% Ophthalmic Suspension is efficacious for the treatment of anterior chamber inflammation following cataract surgery.

In two controlled clinical trials, VEXOL® 1% Ophthalmic Suspension demonstrated clinical equivalence to 1% prednisolone acetate in reducing uveitic inflammation.

In a controlled 6-week study of steroid responsive subjects, the time to raise intraocular pressure was similar for VEXOL® 1% Ophthalmic Suspension and 0.1% fluorometholone given four times daily.

As with other topically administered ophthalmic drugs, VEXOL® 1% (Rimexolone Ophthalmic Suspension) is absorbed systemically. Studies in normal volunteers dosed bilaterally once every hour during waking hours for one week have demonstrated serum concentrations ranging from less than 80 pg/mL to 470 pg/mL. The mean serum concentrations were approximately 130 pg/mL. Serum concentrations were at or near steady state after 5 to 7 hourly doses. After decreasing the dosing frequency to once every two hours while awake during the second week of administration, mean serum concentrations were approximately 100 pg/mL. The serum half-life of rimexolone could not be reliably estimated due to the large number of samples below the quantitation limit of the assay (80 pg/mL). However, based on the time required to reach steady-state, the half-life appears to be short (1-2 hours).

Based upon in vivo and in vitro preclinical metabolism studies, and on in vitro results with human liver preparations, rimexalone undergoes extensive metabolism. Following IV administration of radio-labelled rimexolone to rats, greater than 80% of the dose is excreted via the feces as rimexolone and metabolites. Metabolites have been shown to be less active than parent drug, or inactive in human glucocorticoid receptor binding assays.

INDICATIONS

VEXOL® 1% Ophthalmic Suspension is indicated for the treatment of postoperative inflammation following ocular surgery and in the treatment of anterior uveitis.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Post-Operative Inflammation

Apply one - two drops of VEXOL® 1% Ophthalmic Suspension into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye four times daily beginning 24 hours after surgery and continuing throughout the first 2 weeks of the postoperative period.

Anterior Uveitis

Apply one - two drops of VEXOL® 1% Ophthalmic Suspension into the conjunctival sac of the affected eye every hour during waking hours for the first week, one drop every two hours during waking hours of the second week, and then taper until uveitis is resolved.

HOW SUPPLIED

2.5 mL, 5 mL and 10 mL in plastic DROP-TAINER® dispensers.

STORAGE: Store upright between 4° and 30° C (40° and 86° F), Shake Well Before Using.

Rx Only

SIDE EFFECTS

Reactions associated with ophthalmic steroids include elevated intraocular pressure, which may be associated with optic nerve damage, visual acuity and field defects, posterior subcapsular cataract formation, secondary ocular infection from pathogens including herpes simplex, and perforation of the globe where there is thinning of the cornea or sclera.

Ocular adverse reactions occurring in 1-5% of patients in clinical studies of VEXOL® 1% (Rimexolone Ophthalmic Suspension) included blurred vision, discharge, discomfort, ocular pain, increased intraocular pressure, foreign body sensation, hyperemia and pruritus. Other ocular adverse reactions occurring in less than 1% of patients included sticky sensation, increased fibrin, dry eye, conjunctival edema, corneal staining, keratitis, tearing, photophobia, edema, irritation, corneal ulcer, browache, lid margin crusting, corneal edema, infiltrate, and corneal erosion.

Non-ocular adverse reactions occurred in less than 2% of patients. These included headache, hypotension, rhinitis, pharyngitis, and taste perversion.

WARNINGS

Not for injection. Use in the treatment of herpes simplex infection requires great caution and frequent slitlamp examinations. Prolonged use may result in ocular hypertension /glaucoma, damage to the optic nerve, defects in visual acuity and visual fields, and posterior subcapsular cataract formation. Prolonged use may also result in secondary ocular infections due to suppression of host response. Acute purulent infections of the eye may be masked or exacerbated by the presence of corticosteroid medication. In those diseases causing thinning of the cornea or sclera, perforation has been known to occur with topical steroids. It is advisable that the intraocular pressure be checked frequently.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Fungal infections of the cornea are particularly prone to develop coincidentally with long- term local steroid application. Fungal invasion must be considered in any persistent corneal ulceration where a steroid has been or is in use.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility

Rimexolone has been shown to be non- mutagenic in a battery of in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity assays.

Fertility and reproductive capability were not impaired in a study in rats with plasma levels (42 ng/mL) approximately 200 times those obtained in clinical studies after topical administration (< 0.2 ng/mL). Long-term studies have not been conducted in animals or humans to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of rimexolone.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C. Rimexolone has been shown to be teratogenic and embryotoxic in rabbits following subcutaneous administration at the lowest dose tested (0.5 mg/kg/day, approximately 2 times the recommended human ophthalmic dose). Corticosteroids are recognized to cause fetal resorptions and malformations in animals. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. VEXOL® 1% (Rimexolone Ophthalmic Suspension) should be used in pregnant women only if the potential benefits to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether topical ophthalmic administration of corticosteroids could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities in human breast milk. Nevertheless, caution should be exercised when topical corticosteroids are administered to a nursing woman; a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue therapy, taking into consideration the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.